Active learning strategies to promote critical thinking.

OBJECTIVE To provide a brief introduction to the definition and disposition to think critically along with active learning strategies to promote critical thinking. DATA SOURCES I searched MEDLINE and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) from 1933 to 2002 for literature related to critical thinking, the disposition to think critically, questioning, and various critical-thinking pedagogic techniques. DATA SYNTHESIS The development of critical thinking has been the topic of many educational articles recently. Numerous instructional methods exist to promote thought and active learning in the classroom, including case studies, discussion methods, written exercises, questioning techniques, and debates. Three methods-questioning, written exercises, and discussion and debates-are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS The definition of critical thinking, the disposition to think critically, and different teaching strategies are featured. Although not appropriate for all subject matter and classes, these learning strategies can be used and adapted to facilitate critical thinking and active participation.